Buddhānusmti (A Glossary of Buddhist Terms)

·期刊原文

Buddhānusmti (A Glossary of Buddhist Terms)

Dr. Kala Acharya

Somaiya Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Mumbai • New Delhi，2002 Somaiya Publications Pvt. Ltd.

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Other titles of Dr. Kala Acharya published by us

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(Co-editors: Fr. Nicholas Manca, Dr. Lalita Namjoshi)

Sri Aurobindo and Vedic Interpretations
(Co-editor: Dr. Shubhada Joshi)

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Contents

Publisher's Note vi
Foreword vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgements x
Key to Transliteration xii
To Use Buddhānusmti xiii
List of Abbreviations xv
Dedication xvi

Introduction 1
The Life of Gautama Buddha 1
Dharma 7
The Buddha and Thinkers in India 18
Buddhist Philosophy 23
Buddhist Schools and Sects 27
Spread of Buddhism 41
Survey of Buddhist Literature 45

Glossary 85

Appendices 223
Appendix A Āyatanāni 223
Appendix B Dhātava 223
Appendix C Cittam 224
Appendix D Cetasikā 235
Appendix E Rūpam 238
Appendix F Citta Viprayukta Saṃskāra Dharmā 240
Appendix G Vajrayānam 241
Appendix H Paccayā 242
Appendix I Dhyānāni 244
Appendix J Pratityasamutpāda 245

Bibliography 246

Index 249

vi
Buddhānusmti: A Glossary of Buddhist Terms
Publisher's Note

Publisher's Note
This year being the centenary year of Padmabhushan Shri Karamshi Jethabhai Somaiya we have great pleasure in bringing out the Buddhānusmti: A Glossary of Buddhist Terms, a project undertaken by K. J. Somaiya Bharatiya Sanskriti Peetham.

The present work is a constructive presentation of the Buddhist thought in simple and lucid style that helps the reader penetrate into the vast world of Buddhism. We hope that the elaboration of the terms will lead the readers to further depths of the unfathomable ocean of Buddhist studies.

Shantilal K. Somaiya

Publisher's Note
Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Key to Transliteration To Use Buddhānusmti List of Abbreviations Dedication Contents

vii
Buddhānusmti: A Glossary of Buddhist Terms
Foreword

Foreword
The Buddha taught that the Dhamma is not just the content of truth, but also what should be done to realize it. Progression in the Dhamma was a series of mental events, a learned skill (kusala) that fits the nature of each mediator. So too, a glossary could be defined as a kind of skillfulness - a series of carefully constructed mental events, or definitions, that imperceptibly but inexorably build towards the most effective and thorough teaching.

Dr. Kala Acharya's Buddhānusmti or Glossary of Buddhist Terms, admirably achieves this goal. It is a useful glossary that will help the beginning student of Buddhism as well as the scholar. Terms are organized in a way that allows easy access, and each term is thoroughly and clearly described. The work does not shy away from the basic questions : What are the texts? Why do they matter? How do we put Buddhist ideas and arguments in context so that we understand and use them well today? The reader will get a good sense of the conceptual history of each term and therefore an intellectual narrative of the development of Buddhism as a whole. The seven introductory sections further set the scene, so that the reader is grounded before he or she proceeds to the individual entries.

In this time of increasing religious pluralism as well as increasing religious tensions, basic introductions to the wealth of early Indian traditions is all the more necessary. The Buddhānusmti will provide learners with sophisticated understanding of Buddhist thought, so that they can more constructively and creatively think about the challenges and possibilities of contemporary religious and philosophical life today.

Laurie L. Patton
Associate Professor of
Early Indian Religions and Chair,
Department of Religion
Emory University Atlanta,
GA 30322 USA

Publisher's Note
Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Key to Transliteration To Use Buddhānusmti List of Abbreviations Dedication Contents

ix
Buddhānusmti: A Glossary of Buddhist Terms
Preface

Preface
The Buddhānusmti (A Glossary of Buddhist Terms) is an attempt to introduce Buddhism to the common and the erudite reader.

A number of friends and well wishers wanted to know why one more glossary when quite a few are already being used. Of the numbers of reasons which prompted me to take up this work, I wish to elaborate only on two. As a teacher I realised the necessity of a work which will help a beginner as well as someone who has the background of the subject, to comprehend the terms, concepts and notions in Buddhism. The fresh learners should benefit from the Introduction and the Glossary. The references provided at appropriate places will help those already familiar with the subject to use this work as a spring board for further research.

Given the vastness as also the diversity of beliefs and concepts of Buddhism, I was compelled to be selective in choosing entries for the glossary. Generally terms required by students have been glossed. Sanskrit terms such as dharma which have different connotations in Buddhism have been elucidated to show how their meaning is different from the traditional exposition. In this process of explaining the terms I have used the scriptures, texts and commentaries of many known and unknown authors. Any shortcomings are of course mine and I will be pleased to receive any constructive suggestions to improve the contents of this work.

The glossary is not a mere academic pursuit. I have always believed that the teachings of the Buddha touch the heart and also shape the life of a person and there lies the second reason. The contents of the book may prepare a ground for sowing the seed of faith in all which is good in the beginning, in the middle and in the end.

“The Body is like the sacred Bodhi Tree,
From dust ever keep it free,
The mind... a reflecting mirror,
Let not dust be its cover.”
(Shen-hsiu)

Mumbai, August 27, 2001
Dr. Kala Acharya

Publisher's Note
Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Key to Transliteration To Use Buddhānusmti List of Abbreviations Dedication Contents

x
Buddhānusmti: A Glossary of Buddhist Terms
Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements
My thanks are due to

Dr. S. K. Somaiya, Vice President, Somaiya Vidyavihar who encouraged me to expeditiously complete this work.

Mr. Avinash S. Pandit, Chief Editor, Somaiya Publications Pvt. Ltd. who edited the manuscript carefully and made valuable suggestions to make the work presentable in contents and form.

Dr. Laurie Patton, Associate Professor of Early Indian Religions & Chair, Department of Religion, Emory University, U.S.A., for her foreword.

Dr. Shubhada Joshi, Prof. & Head, Dept. of Philosophy, University of Mumbai, for offering guidelines to do the work.

Dr. S. M. Bhatkhande, Director, K. J. Somaiya Indological Research Institute, Dr. D. K. Kharavandikar and Dr. P. G. Lalye for offering their valuable suggestions.

Dr. Mrs. Lalita Namjoshi, my colleague and Coordinator of our Institute who supported me throughout the endeavour.

Mrs. Mugdha Gadgil-Barve, my colleague at the Peetham who prepared the press copy painstakingly.

Mrs. Vidya Mahajan, my daughter and colleague at the Peetham for her mite in the preparation of the press copy.

Miss Supriya Deshmukh, lecturer in our Institute for working on the manuscript diligently.

Miss Devayani Manjrekar and Mrs. Madhavi Agashe of our Institute for typing the manuscript.

xi
Buddhānusmti: A Glossary of Buddhist Terms
Acknowledgements

Mrs. Vaishali Bhide, Librarian of our Institute who checked meticulously the manuscript, made the necessary references available and helped to prepare appendices.

Mrs. Priyanka Churmure, Miss Veena Naik and Miss Rajeshri Bhunje for the secretarial assistance.

Mr. Deepak Chavan and Mr. Sachin Alhat for doing the errands.

Rev. Ashin Punnobhasa, U. Nyanawbatha, U. Veluriyanyana, Ashin Ariya Dhamma, U. Suvannalankara, Ashin Pannyissara and Asst. Prof. Mr. Somboon Satalalai, my students for Ph.D. for providing me valuable pieces of information.

Ms. Harinakshiben for the artistic presentation of the work.

Mr. Siddheshwar Sathe, Mr. Prakash Kerkar and the staff of the The Book Centre Ltd. for helping in the production of the book.

Mrs. Tejaswini Kulkarni for carrying over the typesetting of the work proficiently.

Mr. D. R. Amladi, Retd. Asst. Director, Maharashtra State Archives, Mumbai, for his valuable suggestions in the manuscript.

The trustees of Somaiya Vidyavihar, Mr. Sameer Somaiya, Mrs. Lilaben Kotak and Mr. P. M. Kavadia (Secretary, Somaiya Vidyavihar) for the support.

Kala Acharya

Publisher's Note
Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Key to Transliteration To Use Buddhānusmti List of Abbreviations Dedication Contents

xii
Buddhānusmti: A Glossary of Buddhist Terms
Key to Transliteration

Key to Transliteration

a
अ
ā
आ

i
इ
ī
ई

u
उ
ū
ऊ

ऋ
ṝ
ॠ

l
ऌ
e
ए

ai
ऐ
o
ओ

au
औ
k
क

kh
ख
g
ग

gh
घ
ṅ
ङ

c
च
ch
छ

j
ज
jh
झ

ñ
ञ

h

h

t

th

d

dh

n

p

ph

b

bh

m

y

r

v

s

h

The nasal sound which is marked by a dot and which belongs to the preceding vowel.

A symbol in writing representing a distinct hard aspiration and marked by two perpendicular dots which sounds like h.

Publisher's Note
Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Key to Transliteration To Use Buddhānusmti List of Abbreviations Dedication Contents

xiii
Buddhānusmti: A Glossary of Buddhist Terms
To Use Buddhānusmti

To Use Buddhānusmti
(A Glossary of Buddhist Terms)

The material in this book is arranged under following sections: Introduction, Glossary, Appendices, Bibliography and Index.

Generally in the sections of Introduction and Glossary, terms or text in Sanskrit appear in round brackets. Terms and text in Pāli appear in square brackets. Names of literary works in running text appear in italics. At times non-English words also appear in italics. Plurals of non-English terms are indicated by a hyphen before the final 's', as for instance, bhikkhu-s.

In the Glossary section

(1) The head entry is in Sanskrit except in case of last few entries where it is in Pāli. (See (4) below.) The Sanskrit term is generally followed by its Pāli equivalent and later the English equivalent.

(2) The head entry in Sanskrit appears in bold. It is not enclosed within any brackets. The Pāli equivalent term appears within square brackets. Absence of a Pāli term is indicated by a dash within the square brackets.

(3) The head entries are arranged according to the English alphabet. Thus anātman is followed by anitya, followed by anusmti and so on.

(4) Head entries in Pāli are also arranged according to the English alphabet. Absence of the initial Sanskrit term is indicated with a hyphen within round brackets.

(5) Names of literary works under an entry to indicate references are not italicised but are abbreviated. In case of multiple references, the references are arranged alphabetically. A reference ends at the beginning of the abbreviated name of the next literary work.

(6) The names that follow AN, DN, KH, MN and SN are the titles of the Sutta-s. For example, in MN. Vattha, Vattha is the title of the Sutta in the Majjhima Nikāya.

Other references include name of the text, chapter and page numbers. For example, MST. IX. 43 denotes the 43rd page of the ninth chapter of the Mahāyāna Sūtrālaṅkāra of Asaṅga.

The references of the texts in verse form denote the name of the text followed by chapter number, followed by the number of the verse. For example MK. XVIII.5 denotes 5th verse from the 18th chapter of the Madhyamakaśāstra.

xiv
Buddhānusmti: A Glossary of Buddhist Terms
To Use Buddhānusmti

The references do not generally include reconstructed works.

The Glossary contains passages citing some important teachings of the Buddha. These passages in Pali and Sanskrit will facilitate the reader to have access to the original references.

The Index comprises Sanskrit, Pāli and English terms, arranged alphabetically according to the English alphabet.

Publisher's Note
Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Key to Transliteration To Use Buddhānusmti List of Abbreviations Dedication Contents

xv
Buddhānusmti: A Glossary of Buddhist Terms
List of Abbreviations

List of Abbreviations
The following list of abbreviations and their expanded form refers to the name of the titles mentioned in references below the entries. For details of titles, see Bibliography

AN
Aṅguttara Nikāya

AS
Aṭṭhasālinī

AV
Avadāna Kalpalatā

BC
Bodhicaryāvatāra

CMA
A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma

DN
Dīgha Nikāya

DP
Dhammapada

Flower
The Flower Ornament Scripture

JK Paramatthajotikā Nāma Jātakaṭṭhakathā
KH Khuddaka Nikāya
LPH The Larger Prajñā Pāramitā Hdaya Sūtra
LSV The Larger Sukhāvatī Vyūha
LV Lalita-Vistara
MBA Meditation on Buddha Amitāyus
MK The Madhyamakaśāstram
MN Majjhima Nikāya
MP Milindapañhapāḷi
MST Mahāyāna-Sūtrālaṅkāra
MV Mahāvastu Avadāna
SD Saddharmapuṇḍarīkasūtram
SG Śrī Guhyasamāja Tantra or Tathāgataguhyaka
SN Saṃyutta Nikāya
SPH The Smaller Prajñā Pāramitā Hdaya Sūtra
SSV The Smaller Sukhāvatī-Vyūha
SVP Suvarṇaprabhāsasūtra
VC
The Vajracchedikā
VM
Visuddhimagga

Publisher's Note
Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Key to Transliteration To Use Buddhānusmti List of Abbreviations Dedication Contents

xvi
Buddhānusmti: A Glossary of Buddhist Terms
Dedication
Dedicated to Suhdau
Mayabenji & Dr. Shantilal Somaiya
With love and respect
Kala Acharya

Publisher's Note
Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Key to Transliteration To Use Buddhānusmti List of Abbreviations Dedication

Table of Contents
Introduction Glossary Appendices Bibliography
Index